How to raise native poultry and its benefits.
How to raise native poultry and its benefits.
Poultry farming.
Breeding is good, and there are many benefits of poultry farming, but in poultry farming, you must follow good farming practices so that you can benefit from poultry farming. The following are the poultry farming methods in various countries.
A. Free system.
In this poultry system, chickens roam freely looking for food and water in the morning, and are confined to informal chicken coops at night. This is a simple system, but not suitable for most poultry farming because it requires a large area of land.
Benefit.
The system generally has the advantage of low operating cost.
loss
The probability of chicken being eaten by chicks and street theft is high. Chickens can lay eggs anywhere, causing severe egg loss, and chickens are easily infected, making treatment diffbreeding.
Use this system effectively.
Chickens should be kept in cages, sleep at night, and help them when the weather is bad. Additional food and water should be provided for the chickens. Nesting nests should be provided for chickens. It is better to use 1 acre of land for 100 chickens.
B. Semi-autonomous system breeding.
This is a system in which chickens are raised in formal chicken houses and fences are used to enclose the chicken houses. Compared with the free system, the system is relatively expensive, but it can quickly benefit the breeder.
The benefit of this system, compared with free breeding, less poultry farming is used, and poultry care is easier compared with free systems.
C. Internal system breeding.
Poultry are housed in official sheds, and poultry breeding is carried out indoors. This chicken system is housed in a hut with straw, sawdust ,peanut shells or chopped dried leaves on the floor of the hut.
Benefit
The system requires a small grazing area, good and easy poultry care, and bedding that can kill parasites and protect poultry and other enemies from bad weather.
loss
The probability of raising chickens is high, and the cost of building chicken sheds is high. Use this system effectively.
1.Bedding should be changed daily
2. Always use windows that allow air to circulate to dry the bedding, which will emit dirty air including ammonia.One square meter is enough to raise 5 to 8 chickens.
Let's now see analysis of poultry farming with a little capital which is affordable to anyone.
Here we will need only 11 adult hens that are laying 10 hens and only 1 Rooster. By using these 11 chickens after three months you can have 300 or more chickens if you want.
Buy your chickens from a reliable source to avoid diseases do not buy chickens in market places or in road stalls or chickens being transported from one region to another .When you buy older chickens first when you deliver them give them a Newcastle vaccine to keep your vaccination record as this vaccine is repeated every 3 months. Remember the date you vaccinated and the date you will vaccinate again later.
Don't buy chicken before you have prepared the shed and Food.In shs. 300000 give shs.69500 which you will buy Chicken Food, these chickens do not have a Food formula so you can buy the material and mix the Food yourself where you will save a lot of money as well.
The analysis of 69500 is: -
- 1. Shs.20000 sacks of sorghum weigh 70 kg.Weight 25 kg = 700 × 25 = 17500.
- Paraza is a harvested maize for poultry feed.
- Sunflower seeds 15 kg. 700 × 15 = 10500 ,layer's concentrate, 25 kg bag. = 21500.
In addition you will have gained 135 kg for 69500 Tsh. Where for every kilo of Food you will have bought for 2 $. The food should be mixed with a fork, mix well and mix the husk must be completely dry and dry do not give the chicken raw bran.
Remember the laying hen eats 130 Grams a day So 10 chickens will eat 1.3 kg per day which is 1300 grams.So we will be able to see our Food will take us more than 100 days of more than three months.
GIVE SHS 170000 WHICH YOU WILL BUY CHICKENS.Analysis For every good old hen it lays you will get it for 15000 shillings and a good rooster will get him for 20000 shillings.
- Rooster 1 = 20000
- 10 x15000 = 150000 total 170000.
- It will be left shs. 60500
The rest of the money is for the purchase of cheap material and to build a 10 to 20 chicken coop. These chickens do not need a big shed because they do not win in. bath to remove pests eg papaya and mites the place they like to bathe spray Spray mites.
Make a 4x8x4 foot shift, that is, up to 4 feet wide, 8 feet wide and 4 feet wide. If it is in urban areas it will cost you about Tsh 50,000-60,000. In rural or out-of-town areas where there are many trees it will cost you Tsh 25,000 to 35,000.
Here's how to put one together for use with your chicken. Here you will have to agree to send the Eggs to the place where they are feeding where the tray 1 is 10000 shillings.
Here these 10 hens will give you an average of 8 Eggs per day where for a month it is 240 Eggs. Every 7 days take the Eggs to an incubator. So in a month you will send 240 eggs and you will get an average of 200 chicks. So after a month I advise you not to give them back. of more than 200 chicks from the chicks. So this project will be self-sustaining.
I mean if 10 hens will give you an average of 8 Eggs per day and 240 Eggs per month it is clear that those hens are earning you 120000 per month which is now across this. month with coverage.
Let's see other 13 things every poultry farmer can do to save energy.
Even the most efficient poultry unit can tighten up on energy-saving protocols by conducting a simple audit, with quick wins possible in most cases.Straightforward, low-cost measures include sealing gaps in walls and keeping lighting clean, while longer-term considerations could mean producing – and even selling – your own electricity.We asked Barry Caslin, an energy specialist at Ireland’s agriculture food and development authority Teagasc, for his top tips to ensure housing is as efficient as possible.
1. Work out where energy is being used.
Evaluate how much energy is being consumed and where and when that is occurring, by keeping a regular log of meter readings, taken manually or by using data logging equipment.This information will identify which processes consume a lot of energy and will help to build a picture of where changes can be made that will reduce consumption.Another option is to commission an energy audit, as this will also provide actions that can be taken to save energy and suggestions for renewable energy solutions.
2. Stop heating losses.
Small changes, such as placing thermostats away from draughts and doors and getting boilers serviced regularly, avoid the heating system working harder than it needs to; these are small tweaks but can add up to big savings overall.If your boiler is old, replace it with a model that is energy efficient or operates on renewable energy. There is, of course, a capital outlay, but it will soon pay for itself if your existing boiler is wasting energy.Radiant heaters for heating the floor area are worth considering – these minimise rises in air temperature.If you are rearing chicks, it is not necessary to heat the entire house to the higher temperatures chicks require. Instead, create smaller areas fitted with brooding curtains for the chicks.If heating is required for litter moisture control, prioritise fixing sources of unnecessary wetness, such as leaks or drinkers.Use electronic sensors at bird height to improve heating accuracy.
3. Consider indirect heating systems.
Siting a boiler in an annex adjacent to the poultry housing, and then transferring the heat via an in-house radiator system, can be a more efficient alternative to a conventional gas heating system.Studies have shown that indirect heating systems have no negative impact on flock performance or bird welfare.These systems are relatively expensive to install, but when they are up and running they typically offer 93% efficiency compared with 60% from an older box-type heater.
4. Ensure you have good insulation.
If a building isn’t insulated, a big chunk of the energy you are paying for is being lost through walls, roofs and floors.Aim for a thermal conductivity of 0.4W/sq m or higher.Although this is now mostly incorporated in all new poultry houses, the target should also be applied to extensive refurbishments, because improving insulation keeps heat in and also reduces “solar gain” in summer, helping to keep the house cool and reducing energy needs for ventilation.Historically, adding 200mm of insulation was recommended – that standard has now been doubled to 400mm.Insulate the roof, floor and walls – concrete mass walls should be insulated all the way to the ground. Payback on this investment can take seven or eight years, but you can’t run an efficient poultry unit without it.
5. Keep insulation dry.
When fibrous lagging material gets wet it loses its insulation properties, so apply a water vapour barrier to stop this from happening. If the material does get wet or damaged, replace it.
6. Control airflow from ventilation.
To keep birds healthy, poultry sheds are designed to be ventilated, but controlling that flow of air is important, especially in winter.Many poultry houses work on negative pressure, so a good way to test for leaks is to close all the vents and switch on the fans to establish the pressure level.You should be aiming for a pascal (Pa) – the standard unit for pressure – reading of 20-30. If this can’t be achieved in a typical house with four fans, there is probably a significant leakage. Having fewer fans but using speed control can achieve target minimum ventilation rates and give better control: select fans that have the capability to operate intermittently.Match the size and number of fans to the number of birds.
7. Manage ventilation fans.
In adequately insulated houses, the basic heat losses result from ventilation; this means that energy saving can be achieved from precise control of ventilation based on the actual needs of birds.
Ventilation fans are the driving force behind the exchange of air needed to create a healthy environment. However, management of these is needed for efficient energy use because if you over-ventilate you will pay for energy you don’t need.First and foremost, to run efficiently, fans must be kept clean – clean the shutters, blades and guards after every flock cycle.
Check pulleys, fan belts and belt tensioners, because belt slippage can reduce airflow and increase belt wear.
Use variable speed drive inverters to speed or slow fans as required.
8. Match fans to duct sizes.
If these are mismatched, the building will over-ventilate.Furthermore, restricting the duct size will cause more resistance, resulting in less airflow, because the air will take the path of least resistance.Seek advice to ensure fans and duct sizes are compatible.Check that airflow isn’t being compromised by blocked inlets and outlets.
9. Switch to LED lighting.
As a general rule, the poultry industry is fairly conservative and has taken some time to become comfortable with LED technology and replace old incandescent and tungsten halogen lights with these energy efficient systems.But as sufficient data has become available, poultry producers are embracing LED technology and the energy savings it brings.A good LED bulb is at least 80% more efficient than an incandescent bulb, but not all LEDs are the same, so invest time and do your research before buying.
Avoid bulbs that have not been proven in a poultry unit environment because with challenges such as dust, humidity, moisture, and ammonia, the setting is much harsher than a domestic residential or commercial building and some bulbs are not designed to perform in that type of environment.
Luminaire distribution and control should provide even lighting throughout the house for optimum efficiency.Clean light fittings regularly.
10. Prevent air leakages.
Buildings should be well sealed so that air enters or escapes from the envelope only at the inlet and outlet positions.Seal gaps in walls, around windows, doors, louvres and fans to reduce air leakage.This measure can pay for itself in less than a year.
11. Fit backdraught shutters.
Backdraught shutters increase the airtightness of a shed and will therefore reduce heat loss.
12. Check the accuracy and condition of sensors.
Regularly check sensors and controllers against a thermometer.Sensors should be clean and positioned where they will give a representative temperature.
13. Become an energy producer.
Costs can be reduced by generating power on-farm. Get an understanding of the pros and cons of the various technologies and match one to the nature and scale of your heat demand.But be aware that the Renewable Heat Incentive comes to an end on 31 March 2022 and there are no plans to extend it beyond that
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