Maize Farming Techniques

The field should be prepared well in advance of the planting season to give the farmer the opportunity to plant at the right time. And there are various methods used to prepare the fields so the farmer has to prepare the field according to

your ability but also the size of the fields.

-A hand plow - many use

An ox-drawn plow

-Power tillers

-Tractors

The use of a tractor, power tillers and, animal-drawn plow reduces labor force as they dig up the soil and make it loose (making it less bulky, so more effectively we suggest you use a tractor, power tiller, or ox-drawn plow.

Seed Selection:

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The use of quality seeds is essential in achieving a higher and better yield. There are two main groups of seeds which are:

Indigenous seeds: These are the ones that have been used for many years in

agricultural history.

Improved seeds: These are the ones improved from natural seeds. This group is divided into two groups - composite varieties and hybrids.We suggest that you ask an extension officer in your area or an agricultural input store in your area, to find out which seeds are thriving and doing well in your area. Because the seeds differ.

seeds differ depending on the factors mentioned below:

> Elevation from sea level.

> Depends On The amount of rainfall in the area.

> The time is taken by the seeds to mature

Examples of improved maize seeds are TMV1, TAN 250, TAN 254, Stahl, Sitka, and all

others starting with the letter “H” such as H 250, H 251, and H 615, WE4102, WE4106,

WE4110, WE4114, WE4115 from ARI MILONGA and many others.

Maize planting:

Planting time varies from one area to another depending on the rainy season. For example in the Morogoro district planting dates are from February 15 to March 15.

The farmer is advised to follow the planting time calendar as advised by his landlord.

For high yields the farmer must consider planting your crops by chance, planting

opportunities vary due to various technical reasons, but the following are the areas

we recommend the farmer to use for planting.

> At 90 cm X 30 cm, plant one seed and place one compost pile

> At 90 cm X 25 cm, plant one seed and place one compost pile

> At 90 cm X 50 cm, plant two seeds and place two compost piles

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Fertilizer Use:

Planting fertilizers are applied to the field before sowing/swinging. They are placed in various ways such as spreading them in the area and mixing with the soil, or placing them in rows, or planting holes.

The recommended planting rate is 20 kg of phosphate (P) per hectare which is equivalent to 2 bags of DAP (= one bag per acre). If mineral phosphate fertilizer is used then three bags per hectare (one and a half bags per acre). And if you decide to use mineral fertilizer then use four and a half bags per hectare or two bags per acre.

Fertilizer fertilizers are fertilizers that are used after the plants have germinated for the purpose of growing the plants to produce better yields. These fertilizers often provide nitrogen fixation. The following are the fertilizers for growth and its nitrogen content:

> UREA: 46% N

> Calcium Ammonium Nitrate, CAN: 23% N

> Sulphate of Ammonia, SA: 21%

Many farmers use UREA for growth due to its ease of access, but also its price is slightly lower and will not provide many people with experience using UREA. Growers also use inexpensive fertilizer fertilizers such as BOOSTER (foliage nitrogenous fertilizers) which are sprayed on the leaves of the plant every 3 weeks, 2-3 times until the maize is harvested.

The recommended dose is 60 kg of nitrogen per hectare, which is equivalent to the amount of two bags if you use UREA. However other fertilizers like SA can be used if there is a need for sulfa. CAN can be used if there are special requirements for nitrate and ammonium. In maize, fertilizer is applied after the first weeding which is about three to four weeks after sowing. For each plant apply the following amount of fertilizer:

> UREA: one soda bottle

> CAN: two soda cans, and

> SA: one sodaS plug

Weeding:

It is important that the field is weeded after the plants have been germinated to remove weeds. Weeds are plants that compete with the plants grown by the farmer by absorbing nutrients from the soil but can also protect against pests and diseases that can attack the plants planted and thus reduce yields.

Weeds can be removed by hand weeding (ie) weeding (if the weeds are too far apart) or plowing with a hand plow or using herbicides especially 2-4D.

It is important that your field is weeded 14 to 21 days after the plants germinate

depending on the condition of the field during planting. Experts recommend that in maize farming, the field should be weeded 2-3 times, depending on the condition of the weeds in the field.

HARVESTING:

Maize is ready to harvest when the stalk has become weak and the maize is looking down.When the maize is well dried it is separated from the stalk and the maize leaves are released. Maize varies in days and amount of harvest depending on the type of seed you use. If you use short-term seeds it can take up to 75 -120 days but also if you use long-term seeds it can be more than that. 30 on the one-acre farm.